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Metaphysics in Adam Smith's economic theory
OBERGRUBER, Petr
Adam Smith is known as the founder of economics, especially for his concept of the division of labour and the metaphor of the invisible hand of the market. However, Smith was not an economist but a philosopher of ethics. In addition to his most famous work, The Wealth of Nations, he is the author of the equally important, but much less well-known, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, where he explores the themes of cooperation, social harmony, and the natural order. Smith's view of man, society, and the world was significantly influenced by Stoic philosophy. At the same time, he adopts much of David Hume's philosophy, especially his Newtonian understanding of the world. In this thesis, I explore these and other influences on Smith's philosophy and, indirectly, on his economic thought.
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The conditions of university - educated mothers of little children re-entering the labour market in the Czech republic.
Bolinová, Petra ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Hejzlarová, Eva (referee)
Diploma thesis "The conditions of university - educated mothers of little children re- entering the labour market in the Czech republic" deals with reasons of long term interruption of qualified womens' career. The most frequently, they stay at home taking care of children three years, inspite of the fact, that they are motivated by their human capital and their need of self fulfillment to get back to their job as soon as possible. The thesis is based on the assumption that there is a substantial tension between work and family life of university - educated women. The thesis identifies which factors influence the period these women stay away the labour market. Besides a human capital, there is a frame of the family and institutional policy, a kind of household division of labour and culture context. The thesis focuses on tertiary - educated mothers' preference on their professional and household engagement. It also focuses on structural conditions in the labour market, institutional policy and the role of employer in reconciliation of work and family life. The thesis brings a contribution for its focus on university - educated women with their specific characteristics, and for its focus on employers' family - friendly activities.
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Integration of clonal plants in heterogeneous environment
Vinšová, Jana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Macek, Petr (referee)
Clonal plants may be able to cope with spatial and temporal heterogeneity due to the physiological integration of ramets. To begin with, I discuss basic characteristics of clonal plants and then I provide a review of theoretical and empirical work dealing with the advantages and disadvantages of clonal growth in heterogenous conditions. Three main traits - translocation of resources, division of labour and foraging - are examined in terms of their contribution to the success of clonal plants. Despite a large amount of attention which this topic has received in the past few decades, a number of issues still remain unclear.
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Specific behaviour of soldiers towards reproductives of termite genus Prorhinotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
Dolejšová, Klára ; Šobotník, Jan (advisor) ; Klimeš, Petr (referee)
Soldier caste is the oldest altruistic caste in termites, highly specialized for defensive tasks. Therefore, a number of adaptations in anatomy and behaviour can be observed in soldier, lacking in other termite castes. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that in disturbed groups the soldiers will prefer to stand by and defend the reproductives, the most valuable individuals. Therefore, I studied in two species of the genus Prorhinotermes (P. simplex and P. canalifrons) the ability of soldiers to discriminate neotenic reproductives and provide them with defence. In agreement with the initial hypothesis, the soldiers of both species prooved to be able of an instantaneous recognition of reproductives and remained close to them. In P. simplex, the neotenic female was the most attractive individual, while in P. canalifrons, neotenics of both sexes were equally attractive. The observed preference of reproductives appears to occur only with a certain age of the reproductives in incipient colonies, along with their sexual maturation. Caste specificity of cuticular lipids supports the presumption that the caste recognition is based on olphactoric cues in the cuticle of reproductives.
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Life change after the birth of child
Tomková, Hana ; Marková Volejníčková, Romana (advisor) ; Cuker, Ivan (referee)
The topic I deal with in this thesis is the change in the life of parents after birth. Part of this work is qualitative research. Here I deal with various aspects of life, such as partner life, the division of domestic work, work and finance or leisure activities or social life of new parents, and how they changed or decreased after the birth of a child. In my work, I try to focus on the difference between how men and women perceive this change, even in comparison with gender stereotypes, which are closely related to family organization. In addition, I also try to highlight the topics and changes that the families consider the most important, or areas that, in their opinion, have changed the most. In addition to the restructuring of the family, the respondents mentioned changes such as restrictions on leisure activities, social life (change of friends, etc.) or even a change and adaptation of intimate life. I discuss these and other changes in the work in more detail. Within this work, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with five respondent families, separately with the father and separately with the mother. Based on an analysis of the semistructured interviews, using coding and previous theoretical preparation, categories were created, which were then interpreted and discussed. The...
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Heterogeneity of expression of virulence factors of Salmonella.
Mathéová, Paulína ; Černý, Ondřej (advisor) ; Lichá, Irena (referee)
The emergence of phenotypically heterogeneous individuals within an isogenic bacterial population is considered to be an important adaptation to the host environment. It allows survival of some bacterial subpopulations under diverse stress conditions caused by the host immune system, the emergence of a "division of labor" and cooperation between individual bacteria. Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are important pathogens in humans and livestock. Many of the key virulence factors of Salmonella are heterogeneously expressed. The phenotypic diversity of individual bacteria allows certain individuals to escape the host's immune system and ensure that the gene pool is preserved to future generations. In case when change in conditions causes complete extinction of part of the Salmonella population from the environment, the remaining individuals are able to restore the size of the population and phenotypic diversity, after overcoming unfavourable conditions. This work summarises the knowledge about heterogeneity of expression of virulence factors of Salmonella and the characteristics of individual subpopulations in different environmental conditions. Keywords: Salmonella, heterogeneity, virulence factors, bet-hedging, division-of-labor, bacterial subpopulations.
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Clonal integration of Agrostis stolonifera in heterogeneous soil environment
Duchoslavová, Jana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Klimešová, Jitka (referee)
Clonal plants may be able to cope with spatial heterogeneity due to the physiological integration of ramets. Previous studies demonstrated that benefits of clonal integration increase with patch contrast between individual ramets. However, the same magnitude of contrast may be perceived differently in rich and poor environments. According to the theoretical work of Caraco and Kelly (1991), I expected these benefits to be the greatest in overall poor conditions and high between-patch contrast. To test this hypothesis, I conducted experiments with pairs of ramets of a stoloniferous grass, Agrostis stolonifera, grown in variously nutrient rich conditions. The experiment with pairs of ramet of similar developmental age showed only very weak effect of integration on growth of ramets, although integration significantly improved survival of ramets and also affected root-shoot ratio of ramets. Nevertheless, there were considerable benefits of integration in the experiment with developmentally older mother ramets and their daughter ramets. Contrary to the predictions, the benefits of integration were bigger in rich conditions and they decreased with increasing between-patch contrast. In addition, effect of integration on root-shoot ratio of ramets was opposite to the expected specialization for acquisition...
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Success of school leavers in the knowledge society
Úlovec, Martin ; Kuchař, Pavel (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
The thesis concentrates on unintended consequences of putting emphasis on education in the current society and their impacts on labour market success of school graduates as well as on fulfilment of employers needs from the perspective of occupying job positions in accordance with the demographic aging of the population. The thesis is trying to answer the question, if education has an adequate influence on the social mobility as it was in the recent past. The author is also trying to suggest possible solutions of the situation occurred on the labour market from the viewpoint of the qualified labour shortage with lower educational level, especially in the secondary sector. Possibilities are seen in the consistent assertion of the LLL conception, increasing the relevance of the education content and adapting to the changing requirements of qualifications through of cooperation between schools and employers. Last but not least the thesis also draws attention to the need of relevant information about the labour market development and chances of graduates to find a job in the chosen field.
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The conditions of university - educated mothers of little children re-entering the labour market in the Czech republic.
Bolinová, Petra ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Hejzlarová, Eva (referee)
Diploma thesis "The conditions of university - educated mothers of little children re- entering the labour market in the Czech republic" deals with reasons of long term interruption of qualified womens' career. The most frequently, they stay at home taking care of children three years, inspite of the fact, that they are motivated by their human capital and their need of self fulfillment to get back to their job as soon as possible. The thesis is based on the assumption that there is a substantial tension between work and family life of university - educated women. The thesis identifies which factors influence the period these women stay away the labour market. Besides a human capital, there is a frame of the family and institutional policy, a kind of household division of labour and culture context. The thesis focuses on tertiary - educated mothers' preference on their professional and household engagement. It also focuses on structural conditions in the labour market, institutional policy and the role of employer in reconciliation of work and family life. The thesis brings a contribution for its focus on university - educated women with their specific characteristics, and for its focus on employers' family - friendly activities.
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Integration of clonal plants in heterogeneous environment
Vinšová, Jana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Macek, Petr (referee)
Clonal plants may be able to cope with spatial and temporal heterogeneity due to the physiological integration of ramets. To begin with, I discuss basic characteristics of clonal plants and then I provide a review of theoretical and empirical work dealing with the advantages and disadvantages of clonal growth in heterogenous conditions. Three main traits - translocation of resources, division of labour and foraging - are examined in terms of their contribution to the success of clonal plants. Despite a large amount of attention which this topic has received in the past few decades, a number of issues still remain unclear.
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